{"id":2958,"date":"2020-09-01T06:48:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-01T04:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/?page_id=2958"},"modified":"2021-01-27T14:36:50","modified_gmt":"2021-01-27T12:36:50","slug":"1-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/","title":{"rendered":"1.5"},"content":{"rendered":"

TARGETED RESEARCH: \u201cINTERNALLY\u201d AND \u201cEXTERNALLY\u201d ORIENTED SCIENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

L.V. RYZHKO
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0967-5621
\n<\/a>Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine<\/p>\n

Nauka naukozn. 2020, 3(109): 64-77
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.15407\/sofs2020.03.064<\/a><\/p>\n

Section<\/strong>: Problems of science and technology potential
\nLanguage<\/strong>: Ukrainian
\nAbstract<\/strong>: The article provides comparative and axiological analysis of an \u201cinternally\u201d oriented science, driven primarily by cognitive factors, and an \u201cexternally\u201d oriented science stimulated by the factors of social, economic, industrial, political, technological or other origin. \u201cInternally\u201d oriented science is a so-called classical science, driven by researcher\u2019s cognitive interests; it discovers the laws of the objective world with empirical and theoretical means. \u201cExternally\u201d oriented science, non-classical science, is characterized by particular forms of research organization, ways to engage science with social institutions, transformation of scientists\u2019 motivation and values, recording of research results and ways of their assessment. A review of specific concepts is made, proposed by Ukrainian and foreign scientists: \u201cproblem-oriented research\u201d, \u201cresearch on demand\u201d, \u201ctargeted\u201d research, \u201cproblem-oriented research\u201d, \u201cmission-oriented\u201d research or research as a response to the \u201cchallenges\u201d faced by the mankind. Their characteristic features are: interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary organization; knowledge instrumentality, algorithmicity, contextuality; researchers\u2019 practical interest; ethical awareness, addressing the possible risks of implementing the advanced technologies; specific standards for research results evaluation. It is concluded that \u201cexternally\u201d oriented science is considered to be practically efficient. But it is also subject to certain risks: when science is considered only as a mean for wealth creation, cognitive functions such as making a picture of the world, fostering of rational thinking, training of skilled personnel and independent experts will be lost. Targeted research has to combine both \u201cinternal\u201d and \u201cexternal\u201d orientation and contribute to implementing the higher cultural values.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> targeted research, mission-oriented research, transdisciplinarity, basic research, applied research.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Stokes, Donald E. (1997). Pasteur`s quadrant: Basic science and technological innovation. Brookings Institution Press Washington, 196. Retrieved from http:\/\/swissgrad.net (last accessed: 09.03.2020).<\/li>\n
  2. St. Petersburg International Economic Forum 2016. Panel session \u201c\u2018Bigchallenges\u2019 \u2014 an impetus for development of science\u201d. Retrieved from http:\/\/youngscience.gov.ru (last accessed: 09.03.2020) [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  3. Zierhofer, W., Burger, P. (2007). Disentangling Transdisciplinarity: An Analysis of Knowledge Integration in Problem-Oriented Research. Science Studies, vol. 20, issue 1, 51\u201474. Retrieved from http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/. (last accessed: 09.03.2020).<\/li>\n
  4. Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-Oriented Research & Innovation in the European Union. A problem-solving approach to fuel innovation-led growth. Luxembourg: Publications Off\u0456ce of the European Union, 36.<\/li>\n
  5. (2015). Policy brief. State of science and technology development, results of scientific, scientific and technological, innovative activity and technology transfer in 2014; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine; State Research Institution \u201cUkrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information\u201d. Kyiv. Retrieved from:https:\/\/mon.gov.ua\/ua\/ nauka\/nauka\/informacijno-analitichni-materiali (last accessed: 09.03.2020) [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  6. Popper, K. (2002). Objective Knowledge. An Evolutionary Approach. Moscow: Editorial Ukrainian SSR, 384 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  7. Kuhn, T. (1975). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Moscow: Progress, 288 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  8. Lakatos, I. (1967). Proofs and refutation. How to prove theories? \u041coscow: Nauka, 152 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  9. Kopnin, P.V. (1963). Idea as a mode of thinking. \u041aiev, 108 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  10. Shynkaruk, V.I. (1964). Logics, dialectics and Hegel\u2019s theory of knowledge. \u041aiev, 295 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  11. Popovych, M.V., Krymsky, S.B. (1976). Scientific and technological revolution and features of modern scientific knowledge. Philosophical and sociological problems of scientific and technological revolution. (pp. 311\u2014345). \u041ayiv [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  12. Malitsky, B.A. (Eds.) (2001). Current issues of methodology and practice of science and technology policy. Kyiv: UkrINTEI, 204 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  13. Dobrov, G.M., Tonkal, V.E., Saveliev, A.A., Malitsky, B.A. (1988). Scientific and technical potential: structure, dynamics, efficiency. \u041aiev: Naukova dumka, 347 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  14. Glushkov, V.M. (1969). On forecasting based on expert assumptions. Cybernetics, 2, 2\u20144 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  15. Dobrov, G.M. (1969). Science and technology foresight. Moscow: Nauka, 208 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  16. Dobrov, G.M., Korennoy, A.A., Musienko V.B., et. al. (1989). Foresight and evaluation of scientific and technological innovations. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 276 [in Russian].<\/li>\n
  17. Malitsky, B.A., Popovych, O.S., Onoprienko, M.V. (2008). Grounding of scientific-technological and innovative priorities system based on \u201cforesight\u201d research. \u041ayiv: Fenix, 86 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  18. Resolution of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine \u201cOn a new version of the Procedure of defining the subjects and oversight the implementation of scientific research at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine\u201d No 111 from 13.04.2011. Retrieved from https:\/\/zakononline.com.ua\/documents\/show\/106272___532533 (last accessed: 10.01.2020) [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  19. Krymsky, S.B. (2003). Queries of philosophical meanings. \u041ayiv: PARAPAN Publishers, 240 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  20. Funtowicz, S.\u041e., Ravetz, J.R. (1993). Science for the Post-normal Age. Futures, vol. 25, issue 7, 739\u2014755. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.uu.nl\/wetfilos\/wetfil10\/sprekers\/Funtowicz_ Ravetz_Futures_1993.pdf (last accessed: 10.11.2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-3287(93)90022-L<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., Trow, M. (1994). New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies. London: SAGE.<\/li>\n
  22. Nowotny, H., Scott, P., Gibbons, M. (2001). Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity Press.<\/li>\n
  23. Guggenheim, M. (2006). Undisciplined research: the proceduralisation of quality control in transdisciplinary projects. Science and Public Policy, vol. 33, issue 6, 411\u2014421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3152\/147154306781778795<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. Hessels, L.K., van Lente, H. (2008). Re-thinking new knowledge production: A literature review and a research agenda. Research Policy, 37, 740\u2014760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2008.01.008<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. Ziman, J. (2003). Non-instrumental roles of science. Science and Engineering Ethics, 9(1), 17\u201427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-003-0016-y<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. Ryzhko, L.V., Onopriyenko, V.I., Bessalova, T.V., Zhyvaga, O.V., Borozdyh, N.V. (2019). Scientist in postmodern culture. Kyiv: Fenix, 240 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n
  27. Schwab, K. (2019). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Kharkiv, 416 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Full Text (PDF)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    TARGETED RESEARCH: \u201cINTERNALLY\u201d AND \u201cEXTERNALLY\u201d ORIENTED SCIENCE L.V. RYZHKO https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0967-5621 Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine Nauka naukozn. 2020, 3(109): 64-77 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15407\/sofs2020.03.064 Section: Problems of science and technology potential Language: Ukrainian Abstract: The article provides comparative and axiological analysis of an \u201cinternally\u201d oriented science, driven […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2941,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["uk","en","ru"],"languages":{"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"\n1.5 - Science and Science of Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1.5 - Science and Science of Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Science and Science of Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-27T12:36:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/\",\"name\":\"1.5 - Science and Science of Science\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-01T04:48:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-27T12:36:50+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u041f\u0440\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/arhiv\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"2020\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"\u21163 (109)\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/ru\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"1.5\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/\",\"name\":\"Science and Science of Science\",\"description\":\"international scientific journal\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"1.5 - Science and Science of Science","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"1.5 - Science and Science of Science","og_url":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/","og_site_name":"Science and Science of Science","article_modified_time":"2021-01-27T12:36:50+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/","url":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/","name":"1.5 - Science and Science of Science","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-09-01T04:48:57+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-27T12:36:50+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/1-5\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u041f\u0440\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","item":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432","item":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/arhiv\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"2020","item":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"\u21163 (109)","item":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/ru\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2020-2\/3-109\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"1.5"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/","name":"Science and Science of Science","description":"international scientific journal","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2958"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2958"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4287,"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2958\/revisions\/4287"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}