{"id":7088,"date":"2024-03-08T19:15:06","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T17:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/?page_id=7088"},"modified":"2024-04-08T07:15:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T05:15:59","slug":"1-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/en\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2024-2\/1-123\/1-7\/","title":{"rendered":"1.7"},"content":{"rendered":"

EVOLUTION AND CHRONOLOGY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN THE WORLD AND UKRAINE. Part 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

V.H. HARMASAR<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7903-0111<\/a>
\nDobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine<\/p>\n

Nauka naukozn. 2024, 1(123): 111\u2014130
\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.15407\/sofs2024.01.111<\/a><\/p>\n

Section<\/strong>: Science and technology history
\nLanguage:<\/strong> Ukrainian
\nAbstract:<\/strong> The article summarizes the results of a comprehensive study of the history of the development of biology in the world and Ukraine. In its first part, the author\u2019s periodization of the development of biological sciences from ancient times to the present is proposed, based on the definition of the main chronological periods and stages determined by significant events, facts and discoveries in the field of biology; the emergence of separate biological trends is traced. The methodological basis of the research was the principles of historicism, objectivity and reliability; general scientific and special methods: historical-chronological, historical-biographical, retrospective and methods of source analysis. The source base consists of fundamental works of foreign and domestic authors on the history of natural science and biology, monographs devoted to the development of certain biological areas, scientific periodicals, historical biographies of scientists, and reporting documents of biological profile institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of the periodization of certain branches of science, as it is the basis for the reconstruction of their history. It is shown that by the 16th century information about living organisms had been limited and based mostly on observations and beliefs. During the period of early scientific research (17\u201418th centuries), systematic studies of living organisms began (the Linnaean system of classification of living beings, the Darwin\u2019s theory of evolution, etc.). The 20th century marked the beginning of molecular biology (discovery of DNA structure, genetic engineering). In the modern period (the 21th century), biology studies not only individual organisms, but also their genetic properties, interaction and impact on the environment, as well as the possibilities of their change (decoding the human genome, obtaining \u201cethical\u201d stem cells, etc.). It is noted that the most important stages in the history of biology generally correspond to the changes in the socio-economic system. The contribution of biological scientists, including Ukrainian ones, in the formation and development of biological sciences in the world is shown.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: biological science, biological knowledge, systematics, theory of evolution, cell theory, genetics, molecular biology, DNA, genome.<\/strong><\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

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HARMASAR https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7903-0111 Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine Nauka naukozn. 2024, 1(123): 111\u2014130 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15407\/sofs2024.01.111 Section: Science and technology history Language: Ukrainian Abstract: The article summarizes the results of a comprehensive study […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7048,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["uk","en","ru"],"languages":{"uk":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"yoast_head":"\n1.7 - Science and Science of Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sofs.org.ua\/sample-page\/arhiv\/2024-2\/1-123\/1-7\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1.7 - 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