sofs.org.ua › About us › Archive › 2023 › №3(121) › 1.6

1.6

PECULIARITIES OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION (THE CASE OF AUSTRALIA)

O.V. ZERNETSKA 1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-6267
L.P. OVCHAROVA 2
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-2308
1 Institute of World History of the NAS of Ukraine
2 Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine

Nauka naukozn. 2023, 3(121): 111—141
https://doi.org/10.15407/sofs2023.03.111

Section: Foreign science. International science and technology cooperation
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The results of the study of transformation processes in research and development (R&D) in the context of globalization (the case of Australia) are presented, with analysis of global indicators characterizing research, education and innovation capacities and the R&D performance in the Fifth continent. Modern trends of internationalization in R&D and education sectors are outlined; processes of integration of Australian research institutions into the global science and technology area are highlighted; the role of the government in these processes is shown. A review of Australian position in the leading global ratings was made; it was determined that Australia was one of the leading countries in the Global index of talent competitiveness, being among the five leading exporters of educational services; Australian universities were among the best international institutions of higher education, and the researchers’, teachers’ and students’ mobility and participation in international projects contributed to the increase in the publication activity of research institutions of Australia. An analysis of statistical data revealed that twenty years of the 21th century were marked by growing investment and workforce in R&D, attracting heavy amounts of foreign direct investments to the domestic economy; leading foreign high-tech companies were opening their branches here, investing in R&D, attracting research personnel and commercializing innovative developments of Australian researchers. However, the analysis showed that the decreasing share of the business sector in the financing of R&D became the main factor behind reduction of the R&D intensity of GDP and Australia’s lagging behind OECD countries by the gross domestic expenditure for R&D. Data on the distribution government investment in R&D in Australia show that the government maintains the important role in R&D financing at all administrative levels, with the higher education sector accounting for the largest share in the direct budgetary financing, which conforms to trends in other OECD countries. Three main components can be distinguished in the structure of Australia’s international science and technology cooperation (ISTC): the U.K, the U.S., New Zealand (strategic partners); the EU (a global technological leader); and the rapidly developing countries of the Indo-Pacific region. A description of the Australia’s ISTC in these areas is given. A review of positive experiences of Australia allowed the authors to formulate a number of recommendations for Ukraine, which can be applicable in view of the need for rapid revival and restructuring of the domestic economy in the post-war period.

Keywords: Australia, international science and technology cooperation, R&D sector, science and technology potential, science and technology area, research institutions, research and education sector.

References

  1. Blainey, G. (2009) A shorter history of Australia. Sydney, Random House Australia.
  2. Мacintyre, С. (2020). A Concise History of Australia. University of Melbourne.
  3. Lamberton, D.M. (1970). Science, Technology, and the Australian Economy. Sydney: Tudor press.
  4. Cutler, T. (2008). Venturous Australia Report: Building Strength in Innovation. URL: https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_fi le/0006/55383/NIS_ review_Web3.pdf (last accessed: 15.03.2023).
  5. Tang, Е. (2021). Innovation and skills: How Australia stacks up in the global economy. URL: https://www.austrade.gov.au/news/economic-analysis/innovation-andskills-how-australia-stacks-up-in-the-global-economy (last accessed: 10.02.2023).
  6. Еlnasri, A., & Fox, K. J. (2014). The Contribution of Research and Innovation to Productivity and Economic Growth. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2398732
  7. Watt, I. (2015). Review of research policy and funding arrangements. URL: https://www.education.gov.au/review-research-policy-and-funding-arrangements/resources/review-research-policy-and-funding-arrangements-report-november-2015 (last accessed: 20.01.2023).
  8. Brennan, T., Ferguson, H., & Zhou, I. (2021). Science and research. Budget Review 2022—23. URL: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_ Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview202223/ScienceResearch (last accessed: 11.03.2023).
  9. Calder, W. et al. (2021). Fostering R&D intensity in Australia: Policy experiences and lessons learned. Case study contribution to the OECD — TIP project on R&D intensity. URL: https://community.oecd.org/community/cstp/tip/rdintensity (last accessed: 01.03.2023).
  10. 1 Blackburn, S., Freeland, M., & Gärtner, D. (2017). Digital Australia: seizing opportunities from the Fourth Industrial Revolution. McKinsey & Company. URL: https:// www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/asia-pacifi c/digital-australia-seizing-opportunity-from-the-fourth-industrial-revolution (last accessed: 01.02.2023).
  11. Niland, J. (2008). The Engagement of Australian Universities with Globalization. URL: http://www.glion.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/g2008_ (last accessed: 18.02.2023).
  12. Paic, A., & Viros, C. (2019). Governance of science and technology policies. OECD Science, Technology, and Industry Policy Papers, No. 84. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/2b3bc558-en (last accessed: 13.02.2023).
  13. Guimon, J. (2019). Policy initiatives to enhance the impact of public research: promoting excellence, transfer and co-creation. URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/a4c9197a-en.pdf?expires=1681262405&id=id&accname=guest&- checksum=E4477C792CF241F818CC97DE3D279433 (last accessed: 01.03.2023).
  14. Zernetska, O.V. (2020). The Role of Australia’s Public Policy in Creating of the Country’s Positive Image. Foreign Affairs, 5—6, 48—55. https://doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675-2020-5-6-8 [in Ukrainian].
  15. Zernetska, O.V. (2017). Global Communication. Kyiv: Nauk. dumka [in Ukrainian].
  16. Zernetska, O.V. (1999). The Global Development of Mass Communication and International Relations Kyiv: Osvita [in Ukrainian].
  17. Myronchuk, O.A. (2021). Australian Universities in the First Third of the 20th Century. Establishing the Australian State: Achievements and Overcoming Problems. Kyiv: Institute of the World History of the NAS of Ukraine, 85—97 [in Ukrainian].
  18. Myronchuk, O.A. (2022). Higher Education and the Research Sphere of Australia in the Second Half of the 20th Century: Traditions and Tendencies. Building of «Welfare Society» in Australia: Ways and Trends of Development (1940—1970). Kyiv: Institute of the World History of the NAS of Ukraine, 143—160 [in Ukrainian].
  19. Ovcharova, L.P. (2021).  Formation and Development of the Scientific and Educational Complex of Australia. Establishing the Australian State: Achievements and Overcoming Problems. Kyiv: Institute of the World History of the NAS of Ukraine, 75—85 [in Ukrainian].
  20. Ovcharova, L.P., & Rybachuk, V.P. (2023). Science and Technology Development in Australia in the Context of Global Trends. Proceedings of the 18th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Theoretical and applied aspects of the development of science». Bilbao, Spain, 116—121. https://doi.org/10.46299/ISG.2023.1.18

Full Text (PDF)