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1.7

ACTIVITIES OF ACADEMICIAN M.P. BARABASHOV IN ORGANIZING THE COMMISSION ON PHYSICS OF PLANETS AT THE ASTRONOMICAL COUNCIL OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR

Yu.Yu. KOVAL 
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6749-6432
National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine

Nauka naukozn. 2024, 3(125): 108—129
https://doi.org/10.15407/sofs2024.03.108

Section: Science and technology history
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article sums up the results of a science history study devoted to the activities and contribution of Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR Mykola Pavlovich Barabashov in the formation of directions of planetary research in astronomical institutions of the USSR in the early 1950s, which development was coordinated by the Commission in Planetary Physics. The facts related to the research activities of Mykola Barabashov in the context of the development of astrophysics at Kharkiv State University in the middle of the 20th century are given. The performance of the planetary science school, founded by Mykola Barabashov at the Astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University, is shown against the background of the development of planetary research in the astronomical institutions of the USSR in the 1940s. A historiographic review confirmed a lack of comprehensive works elaborating on the leading role of Academician Mykola Barabashov in organizing the Commission in Planetary Physics at the Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR). Archival retro-informational resources, introduced in the scientific circulation for the first time, and a review of scientific publications by researchers in astrophysics and planetary astronomy (Viktor Ambartsumyan, Olexander Markov, Nadiya Sytynska, Viktor Sobolev, Vasyl Fesenkov, Vsevolod Sharonov etc.) laid the basis for reconstructing the milestones in the creation and early activities of the Commission on Planetary Physics at the Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which set the stage for the development of Soviet space science. It was found that the commission had a central role in coordinating planetary research in the USSR, training planetary specialists and contributing in the development of cosmonautics in general. The areas of research on exploration of the Moon and the planets of the Solar System, carried out by students and followers of Academician Mykola Barabashov under his leadership at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory in the studied period were outlined.

Keywords: M.P. Barabashov, astrophysics, planetary science, Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, physics of planets, history of science, biography studies, Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, local history.

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