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1.7

PROFESSOR OLEKSIY IVANOVICH RAZDOLSKY (1877—1942), A UKRAINIAN THEORETICAL ASTRONOMER: SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY

M.A. BALYSHEV
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5211-3208
Central State Scientific and Technical Archive of Ukraine

Nauka naukozn. 2020, 3(109): 92-115
https://doi.org/10.15407/sofs2020.03.092

Section: Science and technology history
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the life and work of Kharkiv’s theoretical astronomer Olexiy Razdolsky who worked in the field of dynamical astronomy. Based on archival documents that were first introduced into scientific circulation, the main biographical milestones and stages of astronomer’s research work devoted to the calculation of the orbits of a number of asteroids of the Main belt of the Solar system (Hecuba, Desiderata, Moskva, Nemausa, Pandora, Roma, etc.) are highlighted. The direct astronomer’s participation in the formation of topics and organization of work in the field of celestial mechanics during the 1930s at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been confirmed.

Most important were the works of Razdolsky focused on the construction of his own analytical theory of the motions of the planets of (Р + 1) / Р type using the methods of A. Poinca re, the scientist investigated the effect of eccentricity of Jupiter applying variation equations. Also, widely known astronomer’s works are the determining of the periodic orbits of the Jup iter’s Trojans asteroids: Achilles, Nestor, Patroclus, Priamus (the theory of the Minor planets of the Jupiter group). Special methods of researches, developed by the leading European and Soviet theoretical astronomers K. Bolin, M. Brendel, P. Hansen, B.V. Numerov, H. von Zeipel, G. Strac ke, which Razdolsky used to study the movement of asteroids, are highlighted. Considering the ac curacy and consistency of Razdolsky’s research, astronomical publications referred him to as an active calculator of ephemeris of Minor planets and the Moon among European and Soviet astronomer-theorists on several occasions.

Razdolsky’s development of fundamental topics, devoted to the solution of the two-body problem in a rotating field, the derivation of the theory of characteristic planets (for the Trojans), the solution of individual cases of the problem of motion of three bodies with variable mass are investigated. Scientific publications of this theoretical astronomer, which have long become a bibliographic rarity, but are no less fundamental, are analyzed. The relationship of Olexiy Razdols ky’s works with the modern research is shown.

Keywords: dynamic astronomy, Minor planets, celestial mechanics, the Trojan asteroids, periodic or bit, the Lagrange points, calculation of planetary motion, the three-body problem, Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory.

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