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1.8

THE ISSUE OF DOMESTIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (SECOND HALF OF THE 19th ― BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY)

G.V. ZABUGA 
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5770-6520
Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine

Nauka naukozn. 2024, 1(123): 131—148
https://doi.org/10.15407/sofs2024.01.131

Section: Science and technology history
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: The article is devoted to the history of foundation of the physical chemistry and analysis of the features specific to creation and activities of Ukrainian scientific schools in this field. In is focus is a review of research and pedagogical work of M.M. Beketov as its founder. The issue of possible existence of M.M. Beketov’s scientific school is posed and solved by analyzing the main areas of M.M. Beketov’s research and works of his students and followers: O.L. Potilytsyn, D.P. Turbaba, P.D. Khrushchev and others. Emphasis is made on the multidimensional character of research and pedagogical activities of M.M. Beketov, with showing that the achievements of this outstanding domestic scientist had great importance for the advancement of several physical chemistry fields, such as the doctrine of chemical equilibrium, thermochemistry, theory of solutions, structure of substances, etc., and for the subsequent creation and activities of other academic schools in the physical chemistry field. The activities of Kyiv electrochemical school of V.O. Plotnikov’s is described, which foundation fell upon the period of critical rethinking of scientific concepts pertaining to understanding the nature of solubility. The role of the V.O.  Plotnikov’s followers (V.O.  Izbekov, Ya.A.  Fialkov, Yu.K.  Delimarskyi and others) is emphasized. The activities of L.V. Pisarzhevskyi’s electrochemical school is described. It is shown that the achievements of domestic scientists (M.M. Beketov, O.I. Bazarov, G.V. Dayn) in a research field like structure of substances had great impact on generation and dissemination of new ideas. It is argued that the formulated electronic theory was a product of a series of discoveries pertaining to the structure of atom, dated from the beginning of the 20th century. Special emphasis is made on the contribution of L.V. Pisarzhevskyi’s school in the development of scientific thought, the electronic theory of catalysis in particular

Keywords: physical chemistry, scientific schools, chemical affinity, solubility theory, Kyiv school of electrochemistry, electronic theory of catalysis.

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